Specializations

This skill involves being aware of the sound structure of language and includes various levels of awareness, such as: rhyming, segmentation, blending, isolation, deletion, and substitution.

Phonics is a method of teaching and learning to read and write by associating sounds (phonemes) with letters or groups of letters (graphemes). Phonics instruction typically focuses on the following key elements: letter-sound correspondence, sound blending, decoding, and encoding.

Morphology focuses on how words are constructed from smaller units of meaning, called morphemes. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language and can be individual words or parts of words, such as prefixes, suffixes, and roots. Morphology explores the rules and patterns that govern how these morphemes are combined to create words.

Reading fluency pertains to the ability to read a text smoothly, accurately, and with comprehension. A fluent reader can read at an appropriate pace, without stumbling over words, and can understand the content being read. Fluent readers are often able to recognize and process words quickly, which is essential for effective reading comprehension.

Vocabulary is closely related to reading in several ways, and it plays a crucial role in a person's ability to understand and comprehend written text.

Reading comprehension is the ability to understand and make sense of the text you read. It involves more than just recognizing and decoding words; it encompasses a deeper understanding of the content, the author's message, and the context in which the text is presented.